This simple snippet of code either added as a plugin or in your themes functions.php script will do the following:

(1) Always show a category on the widget even if no posts in that category

(2) If child categories exist only displays on the widget the category of the current selected parent category.

Note: To make it easier to flow and to improve search engines, might also be worth adding breadcrumb navigation too.

function dunnies_wp_list_categories($cat_args){
$this_cat = (get_query_var('cat')) ? get_query_var('cat') : 0;
$cat_args['child_of']=$this_cat;
$cat_args['depth']=1;
$cat_args['hide_empty']=0;
return $cat_args;
}
add_filter('widget_categories_args', 'dunnies_wp_list_categories', 10, 2);

Hope this helps someone.